Understanding Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Scrap Metals
The difference between ferrous and non-ferrous metals is the first thing to understand when you have scrap to trade.
Almost every scrap conversation starts with one question: is it ferrous or non-ferrous? The answer shapes how material is sorted, handled and valued.
What are ferrous metals?
Ferrous metals contain iron. Common examples include mild steel, structural steel, cast iron and many types of machinery components. Most ferrous metals are magnetic, which makes a simple magnet one of the most useful tools for a first sort.
Ferrous scrap is generated in large volumes by construction, demolition, fabrication and manufacturing.
What are non-ferrous metals?
Non-ferrous metals do not contain significant amounts of iron. Examples include copper, aluminium, brass, lead, zinc and many stainless steels (some stainless grades are slightly magnetic, so a magnet test is not always conclusive).
Non-ferrous metals often carry a higher value per kilogram than ferrous scrap, which is why separating them is usually worthwhile.
Why the distinction matters
- Sorting: Mixed loads are harder to process and harder to value.
- Valuation: Different metals are valued differently, and contamination can reduce value.
- Recycling: Each metal follows its own recycling route.
A simple first sort
- Use a magnet to separate magnetic from non-magnetic items.
- Group non-magnetic metals by appearance — the reddish colour of copper, the yellow of brass, the light weight of aluminium.
- Set aside anything you are unsure about and ask when you contact a scrap trader.
If you are not sure what you have, photos and a short description are a good starting point for any inquiry.
